Effects of Motivation on Learned Helplessness - 3158 Words

Effects of Motivation on Learned Helplessness Learned helplessness is a psychological condition in which a human being or an animal has learned to act or behave helpless in a particular situation, even when it has the power to change its unpleasant or even harmful circumstance (Seligman, 1975). This feeling of helplessness is generated when the individual has been exposed to previous uncontrollable events and thus learns to fail in the current situation because responding in the past had yielded insignificant results (Nation Massad, 1975). Therefore by attributing uncontrollable negative outcomes to internal and lasting causes, people might perceive that future events will also be uncontrollable. As such, helplessness is manifested in†¦show more content†¦From these inventories, the researchers found that the need for validation from others was positively related to negative moods such as anxiety and depression. On the other hand, a person who is more self reinforcing (high er intrinsic motivation) is less vulnerable to anxiety and depression. This is mainly because individuals with a high need for reassurance from others (extrinsically motivated) are more vulnerable to anxiety and depression when others are not present to motivate them compared to intrinsically motivated individuals. Since learned helplessness is often linked with depression (Abraham, Metalsky Alloy, 1989) extrinsically motivated individuals are more prone to learned helplessness compared to intrinsically motivated individuals. Thus, this research shows mixed results on whether motivation helps to reduce learned helplessness. The present study hopes to show that motivation does help in reducing learned helplessness among young adults. The study does not aim to replicate any of the earlier studies but serves as a brand new experiment to affirm the fact that motivation helps in reducing learned helplessness. The hypothesis to be proved is that motivation aids in reducing learned helple ssness among young adults. This concurs with the studies done by Seligman (1975), Kuhl (1981), Deci and Ryan (2000) Boggiano and Barrett (1985) in the motivation helps to reduce learnedShow MoreRelatedEssay Success is a Subjective State of Mind925 Words   |  4 Pagesit means. It is a definition that changes within each individual’s personality and conforms to their needs and desires (2014). Obadassi Battal, a writer for the International Journal of Academic Research, wrote an article titled The Effect of Learned Helplessness of the Success. He discovers intrigued cognitive correlations between learning abilities and success. By following a group of students from fourth grade on, he developed an interesting hypothesis. He believes that with few exceptions,Read MoreHappiness and Helplessness978 Words   |  4 PagesLecture 8 Helplessness happiness †¢ Why did Seligman and maier use a tripartite design? †¢ What are the long term effect sof uncontrollable stressors †¢ What does delta p = 0 Pavlov †¢ Pavlov’s apparatus †¢ 2 different procedures: classical conditioning and then punishment †¢ because using dogs in experiment, noticed that if dogs had been through classical conditioning experiments, could not be used in avoidance experiments o but adverse for the opposite (avoidance exp dogs 1st could learnRead MoreLearned Helplessness Is A Mental Disorder1813 Words   |  8 PagesLearned helplessness is a mental disorder that affects many people in our society. The term learned helplessness was first used by Martin Seligman and Steven Maier in the 1960’s. Dictionary.com defines it as â€Å"a mental condition in which one becomes unable to help oneself due to previous failed attempts at controlling one’s life.† This is not a genetic disorder that can be passed down from family members, rather a learned behavior that develops due to environmental factors. Seligman and Maier’s researchRead MoreThe Controversial Concept Of Battered Woman Syndrome1121 Words   |  5 Pageswith the murder of their partner, however since the syndrome wasn’t confirmed through scientific research as a real disorder, it didn’t enjoy widespread support from the forensic psychologist’s community. Learned Helplessness Originally, battered woman syndrome was termed as learned helplessness. Walker applied the concept to describe women who lack the strength to get out of an abusive relationship or their failure to protect themselves and their children (Walker, 1977). Sequence of Violence SubsequentRead MoreMotivation Students With Learning Disabilities886 Words   |  4 PagesMotivation in Students with Learning Disabilities Rizka Puspitarani (3490616) What is Learning Disability? Learning disabilities (LD), or in some clinical cases called specific learning disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder which the individual is experiencing difficulties in learning and using academic skills (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Person with LD usually shows at least one difficulty in literacy (i.e.: inaccurate or slow and takes effort to read, difficult to understandRead MoreThe Effects of Stress Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pageswith a typical one describing the concept as the emotional and physiological responses to circumstances that are too difficult to cope with or to solve and which one has no choice but to endure them (1). This essay will aim at discussing causes and effects of stress as well as the factors triggering stressful feelings, while drawing on opinions and theories of major psychologists and researchers in the field. To begin with, stress can be caused by a number or a combination of psychological and physicalRead MoreAn Individual Education Plan ( Iep )899 Words   |  4 Pageswasn’t until I became older that I was able to recognize it’s negative effects as I pursued a better education for myself. From the onset of my admission into a segregated classroom in grade 4, I was able to observe that my peers were easily given a better opportunity to learn, not only broad concepts among different classes but even basics that I so often missed out on. Additionally, I eventually developed learned helplessness and in turn became socially isolated. When compared to my peers nowRead MoreHow Self Determination, Education, Has On Children Who Have Special Needs Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effect self-determination, in education, has on children who have special needs. The goal of this paper is to show that people with special needs need to be taught self-determination in order to produce an independent adult who can take care of themselves to their fullest extent. Upon looking at the research cited, it has become evident that a low level of self-determination will result in a child that cannot make decisions for themselves. Those studentsRead MoreThe Indian Residential School System1531 Words   |  7 Pagesother main stream educational facility (First Nations Studies Program, 2009). The abuse that the victims suffered during their attendance at the residential school far from concluded at that point. It is evident that it has had an intergenerational effect culturally and psycho logically and has caused an incredible loss of family dynamic. The United Nations definition of genocide is â€Å"the forced transfer of children from one group to another† (1948). It is highly arguable that the Canadian governmentRead More Exceptional Students Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pagesexperience, not by consequences. Children with learning disabilities often develop a feeling of â€Å"learned helplessness†. This is caused as a result of continual failure, and develops the expectations of future failure. This has negative effects on self-esteem, risk taking and achievement motivation. When teachers focus on individual successes, rather than standard expectations, the ideas of learned helplessness will gradually diminish. Behavior strategies are another area those working with disabled student

Mass and Kinetic Energy Essay - 964 Words

Disk With Weight: A 15 kg uniform disk of radius R = 0.25 m has a string wrapped around it, and a m = 3 kg weight is hanging on the string. The system of the weight and disk is released from rest. a) When the 3 kg weight is moving with a speed of 2.2 m/s, what is the kinetic energy of the entire system? KETOT = KEwheel+KEweight = (1/2)(I)(w2)+(1/2)(m*v2) =(0.5* v2)(m+1/2M) =0.5*(2.2^2)*(3+(.5*15)) J b) If the system started from rest, how far has the weight fallen? H = KETOT/MG = 0.5*(2.2^2)*(3+(.5*15))/(3*9.8) m c) What is the angular acceleration at this point? Remember that a = ÃŽ ±R, or ÃŽ ± = a/R Solve for acceleration by using†¦show more content†¦Now, what is the translational kinetic energy of the sphere at the bottom of the incline? =mgh (because there’s no KErot, this is what ends up happening) 4.2*3.7sin(33)*9.8 Bar and Weights A beam of mass mb = 10.0 kg, is suspended from the ceiling by a single rope. It has a mass of m2 = 40.0 kg attached at one end and an unknown mass m1 attached at the other. The beam has a length of L = 3 m, it is in static equilibrium, and it is horizontal, as shown in the figure above. The tension in the rope is T = 637 N. a) Determine the unknown mass m1, at the left end of the beam. Sum of the forces = 0 because the system is in equilibrium, so we can do F= ma, ma= 0, so F=0 m1g+m2g+m3g-Ft= 0 g(m1+m2+m3)=Ft m1= (Ft/g)-(m2+m3) 15 b) Determine the distance, x, from the left end of the beam to the point where the rope is attached. Note: take the torque about the left end of the beam. =2.07 Hanging Sign A sign has a mass of 1050 kg, a height h = 1 m, and a width W = 4 m. It is held by a light rod of length 5 m that is perpendicular to a rough wall. A guy wire at 23 ° to the horizontal holds the sign to the wall. 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The big ball (larger mass) possessed more mechanical, gravitational potential and kinetic energy than the small ball (see summary table above) whereas the ball with the smaller mass possessed less energy correspondingly (3.9976 0.4588, 1.2242 0.0428, 6.1853 1.2242). This trend was consistent throughout all of the recorded results. This can be justified by the equationsRead More The Physics of Automobile Accidents Essay examples580 Words   |  3 Pagesautomobile accidents is kinetic energy. Kinetic energy can be defined as the energy of motion. The equation for kinetic energy is: KE=1/2mv^2 Kinetic energy behaves a bit differently depending on the type of collision: elastic or inelastic. In an elastic collision, kinetic energy is always conserved. Nearly all of the kinetic energy is transferred from the first object to the second. Thus, when two cars collide, all the kinetic energy would be conserved; no energy would be lost. 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The ball has potential energy while momentarily at rest at the top of the path. 2Read MoreConservation of Energy1736 Words   |  7 PagesCONSERVATION OF ENERGY OBJECTIVE The purpose of this experiment is to calculate the gravitational potential energy through experimental values, to calculate the theoretical potential energy given the experimental kinetic energy in an isolated system while also using the kinetic energy to find the spring constant, and to compare kinetic energies and potential energies in an isolated system to see if they are equivalent. METHOD To calculate the gravitational potential energy through experimentalRead MorePhysics Of The Field Of Medicine1381 Words   |  6 Pagesto accelerate a puck a distance from the blue line to the net. 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Calculate the work done when a mass is lifted vertically by a crane to a height of 5 m, the force required to lift the mass being 98 N. 3. A spring, initially in a relaxed state, is extended by 100 mm. Determine the work done by using a work diagram if the spring requiresRead MoreThe Effect Of Energy On The Body1246 Words   |  5 Pagesbe thought of as energy. Energy is a ubiquitous substance that is not necessarily tangible but can be easily detected. For example, electrical energy, chemical energy, light, heat, nuclear energy and mechanical energy are all forms of energy; yet, the ability to define each as a physical material can be relatively difficult. To continue, energy can neither be created nor destroyed but exists in two forms – potential and kinetic. Feyman et al. (2013) reported that potential energy is the capacity for

Democratic Change and the Change to Democracy Free Essays

Democratic change and the change to democracy: cycle chapter 2, I learned that change drives the world, leaders drive change and change requires partners. Together we can develop vital change and conflict management skills and processes, we can facilitate the resolution of disputes, and empower ordinary people to participate In decision making at the local and national level. A more stringent definition of democracy demands more than Just fair elections. We will write a custom essay sample on Democratic Change and the Change to Democracy: or any similar topic only for you Order Now It defines a liberal democracy or also known as a full democracy In a littoral system In which most of the governments officials are elected. The free speech and free press help ensure that democratic governments are accountable to their citizens In a way that authoritarian regimes are not. However, full liberal democracy requires free contested elections, respect for call liberties, and support for pluralism in society. Some scholars argue that any definition of democracy is incomplete ( Handel 2009 pig 30 Developing countries have played a notable role in our history. The third wave darted in the late ass’s and started winding down by the twenty first century. Third wave transitions were most dramatic in the former Soviet union and eastern European allies. This brought the cold war to an end. Many East Asian dictatorship mostly South Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia and Singapore enjoyed spectacular economic success from the uses through the late sass’s. How to cite Democratic Change and the Change to Democracy:, Papers

Benihana of Tokyo free essay sample

Benihana of Tokyo Benihana of Tokyo has been very successful for the last 40 years since 1964. From a small restaurant, it has developed into a chain of themed restaurants. The success of Benihana has been attributed to the superb total quality management (TQM) process especially in maintaining the overall exotic ambience and the high quality food provided. All these strengths contribute to providing an unforgettable dining experience to its consumers and are reflected in their ability to retain consumers which is shown in exhibit 4 such that 65. % of their customers are return customers. Benihana is able to minimize cost effectively without affecting the quality of food and service provided. From Exhibit 1, total costs of sales are kept to 35-45% of total sales. Their attempt to reduce operating costs is also reflected through a reasonable net profit margin of 0. 5-9% of sales. Benihana made use of floor space efficiently to decrease labor costs and rent. We will write a custom essay sample on Benihana of Tokyo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The elimination of the conventional kitchen with the hibachi arrangement allows the company to keep labor costs low and at the same time, give huge amount of attentive service. This boosted its dining experience, through constant interaction with consumers. Benihana also focuses on setting up their businesses in areas with high traffic, especially in the business district areas. Rent is usually higher in these areas. By using floor space more efficiently, Benihana is able to serve more consumers during peak period and allow for more sales to cover the higher rental costs. The concept that Benihana adopts is that consumers are served at their tables with freshly prepared food by the chef. By only providing 3 menus to consumers, this reduces food costs and wastage. Benihana’s lower food costs are also reduced through the use of fresh ingredients, where storage is minimized. The main process flow of a Benihana restaurant is different from a typical restaurant. In Benihana, the orders for the soup, salad and beverages taken by the waiter while the order for the main dish is taken directly to the chef. This allows Benihana to quicken the process flow, and make it more efficient, as it eliminated the waiting time in ordering and receiving their orders. As the food is freshly prepared, the production flow is very short as there is limited movement to the food being moved from the storage area to the tables where food is being prepared. As food is being served on the spot after being cooked, this allows Benihana to maintain their quality of the food, and this satisfies consumers as shown in their feedback in Exhibit 4, where food is the main highlight of Benihana restaurants. Benihana is also able to reduce labor costs through the use of a simple management structure in each of their restaurant. In addition, chefs and waiters would clear the dishes and set the table for the next customer, unlike the use of cleaners in typical restaurants. This also reduces labor costs. Benihana success is also attributed to their TQM system where the management also emphasizes the importance of quality control in every employee’s responsibility. They emphasize quality in their inputs like the high quality food provided, and the sources of food are also selected carefully. Benihana also highlight quality in the process of serving their food to their consumers. However, the management of Benihana also faces problems despite their raving success. Their attempts to go into franchising didn’t go as planned as Rocky was unwilling to give up its control, and he felt that these franchisees were not well equipped with the experience and knowledge to run a food business, especially one that relates with Japanese culture. In addition, Bill Susha, the head of Operations for Benihana recognizes that if Benihana wants to continue to expand, it will face higher costs in terms of rental as well as shortage of well trained employees. Although Benihana has been proven that their uniqueness cannot be replicated easily by competitors, critics have been predicting that the uniqueness of Benihana is only a fad and it will not last. As Benihana is providing not only products, but also the service, they should continue to emphasize and improve on their TQM, as in this industry, employees are key input sources and by implementing TQM, there will be positive impacts on the service being delivered.